BOTANY

BOTANY

BOTANY is also known as PLANT SCIENCE,PLANT BIOLOGY,or PHYTOLOGY.

"FATHER OF BOTANY-THEOPHRASTUS''

Botany is the branch of biology which deals with the study of plants.The word Botany comes from the ancient Greek word "BOTANE"means 'pasture','grass'or 'fodder'.one who studies 'botany' is k/a ''botanist''.

Botany is one of the world's oldest natural sciences.Initially,botany includes all plants-like organism

such as algae,lichen,ferns,fungi,mosses along with actual plants.but after a long time,it was 

observed that bacteria,algae and fungi belongs to a differnt kingdom.

History of Botany

Plant are the very important part of our life on earth.they provide us food,shelter,oxygen gas and a variety of raw materials or various industrial and domestic purposes.

The Greek scholar Theophrastus was one of the early botanists of the world.as a already mention it he is also k/a'' father of botany''.due to its major writings on plants.

The invention of compound microscope by Robert Hooke in 1665 marked the advancement of scientific knowledge in field of botany.it helped in study of the anatomy and physiology of plants.

Gregor Mendel studied about genetics inheritance in plants by garden pea experiment for seven years.

now due to advancement of biotechnology and genetic engineering,botanist and scientists are able to knowing the plant structure and function in a better way.and find new ways to improve crop yield and crop health.

 Branches of Botany

Botany is divided into number of Branches-

Plant Pathology-it is the study of organism and environment condition that are responsible for 

causing diseases in plants,the mechanism by which the diseases occur,and the methods of controlling plant diseases.

Plant Ecology-it is the study of distribution of plants and how plants and other organism interacting with their environment.

Palaeobotany-it is the branch of botany that deals with the  recovery and identification of plant fossils, and studying evolutionary history of plant.

Archaeobotany- it is the branch of botany in which the scientists study as to how were the plants used

by the people in the ancient  time .knowing a plant also help us to know about its medicinal and spiritual significance of plan in past.

Forensic botany-it is the use of plant and parts of plant to investigate criminal cases,to discover the causes of death.

Importance of botany 

plants are the integral part of human life.They are used in various aspect of day to day lives.

Botany studies the characteristics and uses of these plants and hence is very important.

The importance of botany understood by the following points-

1. Botany deals with the different kind of plants,its uses and characteristics to influence the field of science,medicine and cosmetics.
2. Botany is key to the synthesis of biofuels such as biomass and CH4 gas that are  uses as alternatives to fossil fuels.
3. The study of plant is also important in environment protection.
4. Botany is important in the area of economic productivity because it helps to know about crops  and  better technique to growing crops that helps to farmers increase crop yield.

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Interdisciplinary branches of biology

Interdisciplinary Branches Of Biology

well:"'Biology is not as simple as we assume ''.

it also makes links with the other disciplines of science ,thus giving birth to new biology branches .

this enables us to knowing and understand biology in a better way in light of the principles of the other sciences.Branches that are formed due to interlinking of biology with other fields are following.

1-BIOPHYSICS:it deals with the study of the principles of physics ,which are applicable to biological phenomena.for e.g. Limbs of animals work on the principles of the lever of physics.

2-BIOCHEMISTRY:it deals with the study of the chemistry of different type of compounds and processes occurring in living organisms.for e.g. Study of photosynthesis and respiration.

3-BIOMETRY:it is also k/a Biomathematics.it deals with the study of biological processes using mathematical tools and techniques. for e.g."to analyze the data of the animal population''.

4.BIOGEOGRAPHY:it deals with the study of the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the world.for e.g."Acacia is found in the desert and endemic species".

5.BIOECONOMICS:it deals with the study of of organism from an economical point of view.for e.g.''The cost of profit value of the yield of sugarcane.

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BRANCHES Of BIOLOGY

BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

 some 25 main  branches of biology explain below  in detail :

1.TAXONOMY:it is the science of study of identification,nomenclature and classification of organism.

2.MORPHOLOGY: it is the study of external form,size ,shape ,color ,structure and relative position of various organ of living beings.

3.ANATOMY: it is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after dissection.

4.HISTOLOGY:it is the study of tissue organisation and structure as observed through light microscope.

5.CYTOLOGY:it is the study of the form and structure of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other organelles.

6.CELL BIOLOGY:it is the study of morphological,organisational,biochemical,physiological,genetic,developmental,pathological and evolutionary aspect of cell and its components.

7.MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:it is the study of the nature,physicochemical organisation,synthesis working and interaction of biomolecules that brings about and control 

various activities of protoplasm.

8.PHYSIOLOGY:it is the study of different type of body function and processes.

9.EMBRYOLOGY:it is the study of of fertilization ,growth ,division and differentiation

 of the zygote into embryo .

10.ECOLOGY:it is the study of the living organism and its relation to other organism and their environment.

11.GENETICS:it is the study of the inheritance  of  characters or heredity and variation.Heredity is the study of transmission of characters from parents to their progeny.

12.EUGENICS:it is the science which deals with factors related to impairment of race, especially that of human beings.

13.VIROLOGY:it is the study of viruses in all their aspects.

14.EXOBIOLOGY:it is the branch of scientific inquiry dealing with the possibility of life in outer space.

15.EVOLUTION:it is the studies the origin of life as well as modification of new types of 

organism from the previous ones by involving genetics changes and adaptation.

16.PAlAEONTOLOGY:it deals with the study of fossils and impressions of past organism present in the different kind of rocks.

17.EUPHENICS:it is the study of improvement of human race by drug treatment or gene engineering i.e.medical engineering of genetic disorder.

18.PHARMACOLOGY:it is the study of synthesis of and effect of medicineon organism.

19.KINESIOLOGY:it is the study of muscle movements.

20.IMMUNOLOGY:it is the study of resistance of organism against infectious agent.

21.HAEMAtOlOGY: it deals with the study of blood.

22.EUTHENICS:it is the study of improvement of human race  by improving environment.it applies after birth and is related with present generation.

23,PATHOLOGY:it is the study of different type of diseases in human beings.

24.BACTERIOLOGY:it deals with the study of bacteria in all their aspects.

25.HORTICULTURE:it deals with the study  of growing fruits ,flowers and vegetables.

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BASIC OF BIOLOGY

BASIC OF BIOLOGY

The Term ''BIOLOGY'' was coined by LAMARCK(France) and TREVIRANUS(Germany).

The Term ''BIOLOGY" means (Greek words,BIOS-Life or Living Organism,LOGOS-Study)

what is BIOLOGY??

BIOLOGY is the branch of natural science which deals with the study of living organism and

 their vital processes is called BIOLOGY. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures

 like  Identification,classification,origin,organization ,external form,internal structure,

inheritance,reproduction ,nutrition,ecology,evolution and many more. the term Biology is often

 replaced by the term life science or biological sciences.

ARISTOTLE is known as  the 'FATHER OF BIOLOGY'.

BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

There are  THREE main Branches of Biology-

MICROBIOLOGY

FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY-"ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK"

It is the branch of biology dealing with the study of Microorganism.

 BOTANY 

FATHER OF BOTANY-"THEOPHRASTUS''

It is the branch of biology dealing with the study of flora(plants).

ZOOLOGY

FATHER OF ZOOLOGY-"ARISTOTLE"

It is the branch of biology dealing with the study of Funna(animals)

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